Modest Aronstam (1871–1958), known as Modest Stein, was a Lithuanian-born American illustrator. He emigrated to New York as a teenager and became involved in the radical circles around Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. After stepping away from active anarchism, he built a career illustrating newspapers, books, and pulp magazines. Stein’s magazine work included illustrations for adventure and romance titles and, later, Doc Savage stories.